Nyquist ISI criterion

Key focus: As per Nyquist ISI criterion, to achieve zero intersymbol interference (ISI), samples must have only one non-zero value at each sampling instant. Consider an equivalent baseband communication system model with baud rate ( is the symbol period) shown in Figure 1, where the transmitter, channel and the receiver are represented as band-limited filters. … Read more

Inter-symbol interference & pulse shaping

Key focus: Inter-symbol interference: symbols sent through a dispersive channel, arrive at different time intervals and interfere due to non-constant group delay. Introduction Communication systems have progressed from analog to digital implementation due to the latter’s advantages of bandwidth efficiency and exceptional immunity to noise. The greatest challenge to a communication systems engineer lies in … Read more