π/2-BPSK in 5G NR — constellation, PAPR benefit, and mapping
What π/2-BPSK is in 5G NR uplink, how alternating BPSK constellations cut PAPR, the 3GPP mapping equation, and links to BPSK/QPSK and the BER tool.
QPSK
Rician flat-fading simulation — line-of-sight plus scattered power
Fading & Diversity — 6 lessons (same on every page in this path) 1. Rayleigh BER → 2. Clarke’s model (you are here) → 3. Young’s model → 4. SIMO models → 5. Selection combining → 6. MRC Tools: BER vs Eb/N0 · 3GPP TDL · CDL / Doppler Optional branch from Fading & Diversity. … Read more
Constellation diagram – investigate phase transitions
The phase transition properties of the different variants of QPSK schemes and MSK, are easily investigated using constellation diagram. Let’s demonstrate how to plot the signal space constellations, for the various modulations used in the transmitter. Typically, in practical applications, the baseband modulated waveforms are passed through a pulse shaping filter for combating the phenomenon … Read more
Symbol Timing Recovery for QPSK (digital modulations)
Digital Modulations Lab path:BPSK → QPSK → M-PSK simulation → QPSK symbol timing → π/2-BPSK (5G NR)Tools: BER vs Eb/N0 · EVM → SNR · OFDM CP overhead The goal of timing recovery is to estimate and correct the sampling instants and phase at the receiver, such that it allows the receiver to decode the … Read more
QPSK modulation and demodulation — two bits per symbol and the shared BPSK BER curve
QPSK maps two bits per symbol on four phases; how modulation/demodulation work, constellation geometry, and links to BER tools and BPSK/M-PSK.