Signal Processing for Communication Systems
Convert Eb/N0 to Es/N0 and SNR for AWGN BER simulations: definitions, complex baseband noise variance, oversampling notes, Python/Matlab code, and the pitfalls that shift Monte Carlo curves by 3 dB.
What EVM measures on a constellation, %RMS vs dB forms, and how EVM relates to SNR — with the EVM↔SNR tool.
What π/2-BPSK is in 5G NR uplink, how alternating BPSK constellations cut PAPR, the 3GPP mapping equation, and links to BPSK/QPSK and the BER tool.
Fading & Diversity — 6 lessons (same on every page in this path) 1. Rayleigh BER → 2. Clarke’s model (you are here) → 3. Young’s model → 4. SIMO models → 5. Selection combining → 6. MRC Tools: BER vs Eb/N0 · 3GPP TDL · CDL / Doppler Optional branch from Fading & Diversity. … Read more
BPSK bit-error-rate simulation in Matlab and Python: Monte Carlo vs Q-function theory across Eb/N0, with the on-site BER calculator for quick checks.
The phase transition properties of the different variants of QPSK schemes and MSK, are easily investigated using constellation diagram. Let’s demonstrate how to plot the signal space constellations, for the various modulations used in the transmitter. Typically, in practical applications, the baseband modulated waveforms are passed through a pulse shaping filter for combating the phenomenon … Read more
MRC weights each diversity branch by its channel gain to maximize post-combiner SNR — formula, intuition, and comparison to selection combining.
Selection combining: choose the receive branch with highest SNR each fade, BER improvement vs single-antenna Rayleigh, and when SC is enough vs MRC.
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying basics: MSK as CPM, Gaussian filter BT, smoother phase, and spectral compactness vs plain MSK.
In coherent detection, the receiver derives its demodulation frequency and phase references using a carrier synchronization loop. Such synchronization circuits may introduce phase ambiguity $latex \phi = \hat{\theta}-\theta $ in the detected phase, which could lead to erroneous decisions in the demodulated bits. For example, Costas loop exhibits phase ambiguity of integral multiples of $latex … Read more