π/2-BPSK in 5G NR — constellation, PAPR benefit, and mapping
What π/2-BPSK is in 5G NR uplink, how alternating BPSK constellations cut PAPR, the 3GPP mapping equation, and links to BPSK/QPSK and the BER tool.
M-QAM
Rician flat-fading simulation — line-of-sight plus scattered power
Fading & Diversity — 6 lessons (same on every page in this path) 1. Rayleigh BER → 2. Clarke’s model (you are here) → 3. Young’s model → 4. SIMO models → 5. Selection combining → 6. MRC Tools: BER vs Eb/N0 · 3GPP TDL · CDL / Doppler Optional branch from Fading & Diversity. … Read more
QAM Modulation using Karnaugh-map walks
This article focused on constructing constellation for rectangular QAM modulation using Karnaugh-map walks. Exploit inherent property of Karnaugh-maps to construct Gray coded QAM constellation points. M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) In MQAM modulations, the information bits are encoded as variations in the amplitude and the phase of the signal. The M-QAM modulator transmits a series … Read more
QAM modulation simulation — rectangular constellations in Matlab and Python
Digital Modulations 101 — 5 lessons (same on every page in this path) 1. BPSK → 2. QPSK → 3. M-PSK sim → 4. QAM sim (you are here) → 5. EVM Tools: BER vs Eb/N0 · EVM → SNR · Eb/N0 ↔ SNR Also on the Matlab → Python path (lesson 3 of 4): … Read more