5G NR

5G standardization – 3GPP and ITU

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5G standardization: Collaborative effort between 3GPP and ITU, ensuring global interoperability and compatibility for next-gen mobile networks. ITU ITU stands for the International Telecommunication Union. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for the development and coordination of international telecommunications standards and regulations. The ITU plays a crucial role in ensuring global … Read more

Bandwidth Part (BWP) in 5G NR

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Key focus: Bandwidth Part (BWP): Allocates segments of spectrum for flexible resource allocation in 5G NR networks, enhancing efficiency and adaptability. Know the difference between bandwidth part and transmission bandwidth Introduction The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), in its Release 15, specified the new radio-access technology called 5G New Radio (5G NR). The 5G NR … Read more

Volterra series formula for RF power amplifiers — kernels, memory, and nonlinearity

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RF nonlinearity path: Volterra PA model → π/2-BPSK PAPR → EVM → SNR In one sentence: A Volterra series formula extends a Taylor polynomial with memory kernels so the PA output depends on the present input and recent past samples — the regime of wideband 4G/5G waveforms. Matlab/Python simulation: Use this model when you move … Read more