Far-field retarded potentials — formula, phase delay t−R/c, antenna radiation
Far-field retarded potentials: evaluate sources at delayed time t−R/c so radiated fields carry the correct phase — formulas for antenna / array radiation.
Fraunhofer region
Near-field – far-field : Where is the boundary ?
Antenna models — reading order Maxwell’s equations Retarded potentials Near-field / far-field boundary (this article) Far-field retarded potentials Array pattern multiplication Dipole power gain patterns Introduction Antenna fields change character with distance: reactive storage near the element, Fresnel diffraction at intermediate range, and spherical-wave radiation farther out. Link-budget and pattern formulas almost always assume that … Read more