Signal Processing for Communication Systems
Definition A random process (or signal for your visualization) with a constant power spectral density (PSD) function is a white noise process. Power Spectral Density Power Spectral Density function (PSD) shows how much power is contained in each of the spectral component. For example, for a sine wave of fixed frequency, the PSD plot will … Read more
Key focus: Derive BPSK BER (bit error rate) for optimum receiver in AWGN channel. Explained intuitively step by step. BPSK modulation is the simplest of all the M-PSK techniques. An insight into the derivation of error rate performance of an optimum BPSK receiver is essential as it serves as a stepping stone to understand the … Read more
In simple words, The Q-function gives the probability that a random variable from a normal distribution will exceed a certain threshold value. The erf function gives the probability that a normally distributed variable will fall within a certain range. Q function Q functions are often encountered in the theoretical equations for Bit Error Rate (BER) … Read more
Introduction to Probability: The Foundation of Random Signals In the world of communication engineering, “certainty” is a luxury we don’t have. From the thermal noise in your smartphone’s receiver to the fading of a satellite signal, every process we analyze is governed by uncertainty. Probability is the mathematical language that allows us to model these … Read more