Retarded potentials — delayed EM potentials from time-varying sources
What retarded potentials are: electromagnetic scalar/vector potentials evaluated at the delayed time $latex t-R/c$, and why causality appears in antenna theory.
electromagnetism
From Maxwell’s equations to antenna array – part 1
Key focus: Briefly look at the building blocks of antenna array theory starting from the fundamental Maxwell’s equations in electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations Maxwell’s equations are a collection of equations that describe the behavior of electromagnetic fields. The equations relate the electric fields ($latex \vec{E} ,\vec{D}$) and magnetic fields ($latex \vec{B} ,\vec{H}$) to their respective sources … Read more