Signal Processing for Communication Systems
Friis propagation model considers the line-of-sight (LOS) path between the transmitter and the receiver. The expression for the received power becomes complicated if the effect of reflections from the earth surface has to be incorporated in the modeling. In addition to the line-of-sight path, a single reflected path is added in the two ray ground … Read more
Outdoor propagation models involve estimation of propagation loss over irregular terrains such as mountainous regions, simple curved earth profile, etc., with obstacles like trees and buildings. All such models predict the received signal strength at a particular distance or on a small sector. These models vary in approach, accuracy and complexity. Hata Okumura model is … Read more
Key focus: Let’s learn how to simulate matched filter receiver with square root raised cosine (SRRC) filter, for a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) system. Simulation Model A basic pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) system as DSP implementation, is shown in Figure 1 by adding an upsampler ($latex \uparrow L$), pulse shaping function ($latex p[n]$) at the … Read more
Introduction to precoding Intersymbol interference (ISI) is a common problem in telecommunication systems, such as terrestrial television broadcasting, digital data communication systems, and cellular mobile communication systems. Dispersive effects in high-speed data transmission and multipath fading are the main reasons for ISI. To maximize the capacity, the transmission bandwidth must be extended to the entire … Read more
Impulse response and frequency response of PR signaling schemes Consider a minimum bandwidth system in which the filter $latex H(f)$ is represented as a cascaded combination of a partial response filter $latex Q(f)$ and a minimum bandwidth filter $latex G(f)$. Since $latex G(f)$ is a brick-wall filter, the frequency response of the whole system $latex … Read more
Consider the generic baseband communication system model and its equivalent representation, shown in Figure 1, where the various blocks in the system are represented as filters. To have no ISI at the symbol sampling instants, the equivalent filter $latex H(f)$ should satisfy Nyquist’s first criterion. If the system is ideal and noiseless, it can be … Read more
Eye diagram is a powerful tool to analyze the overall quality of a communication link. It reveals important characteristics of a communication link, that includes timing sensitivity, noise margin, inter-symbol interference (ISI) and zero-crossing jitter. It also shows the optimum sampling time for the receiver, which indicates when to sample the incoming signal for converting … Read more
Raised-cosine (RC) pulse shaping filter is generally employed at the transmitter. In time domain, a matched filter at the receiver is the mirrored copy of the impulse response of the transmit pulse shaping filter.
In square-root raised cosine (SRRC) filtering, the task of raised cosine filtering is equally split between the transmit and receive filters. The combined impulse response of two SRRC filters is same as the impulse response of the RC filter
As mentioned earlier, the shortcomings of the sinc pulse can be addressed by making the transition band in the frequency domain less abrupt. The raised-cosine (RC) pulse comes with an adjustable transition band roll-off parameter $latex \alpha$, using which the transition band’s rate of decay can be controlled. The RC pulse shaping function is expressed … Read more
Key focus: Sinc pulse shaping of transmitted bits, offers minimum bandwidth and avoids intersymbol interference. Discuss its practical considerations & simulation. Sinc pulse shaping As suggested in the earlier post, the pulse shape that avoids ISI with the least amount of bandwidth is a sinc pulse of bandwidth $latex F_{sym}/2$. Here, $latex F_{sym}=1/T_{sym}$ is the … Read more