Analytic signal, Hilbert transform, and FFT — envelope and instantaneous phase
How the analytic signal and Hilbert transform give envelope and instantaneous phase/frequency, FFT implementation tips, and links to the envelope follow-on.
Tutorials
FFT magnitude and phase spectrum — how to interpret (and fix noisy phase)
How to get amplitude and phase from an FFT: |X[k]|, atan2, why phase looks noisy, the magnitude threshold fix, Matlab + Python, and links to bins/fftshift and the FFT calculator.
Interpret FFT results — complex DFT, frequency bins, and fftshift
How DFT bins map to Hz, what negative frequencies mean, when to use fftshift/ifftshift, and how this pairs with magnitude/phase plots.
Generate AWGN in Matlab/Octave without awgn() — variance from SNR
Create AWGN manually: set noise variance from SNR or Eb/N0, generate real/complex noise, and verify power — links to BER tools.
Introducing The Kalman Filter
Introducing The Kalman Filter – Ramsey Faragher PDF Text: click here PDF Text: click here Note: Click the playlist icon (located at the top left corner of the video frame) to watch all lectures Video Lectures: Watch, Listen and Learn !!! † Link will take you to external sites Disclaimer: All the materials posted in … Read more
Compute signal power in Matlab
Calculating the energy and power of a signal was discussed in one of the previous posts. Here, we will verify the calculation of signal power using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in Matlab. Check here to know more on the concept of power and energy. The total power of a signal can be computed using the … Read more
Power and energy of a signal — formulas, classification, and examples
Energy Ex = Σ|x|² vs power Px as a long-window average of |x|²; energy signals vs power signals; physical scaling by load Z; Python examples and links to Matlab verification.
FFT spectral leakage — causes, scalloping, and how windows help
Why FFT bins leak when tones miss bin centers, what scalloping loss is, and how windowing + ENBW trade leakage against noise bandwidth.