Interpret FFT, complex DFT, frequency bins & FFTShift

Key focus: Interpret FFT results, complex DFT, frequency bins, fftshift and ifftshift. Know how to use them in analysis using Matlab and Python. Four types of Fourier Transforms: Often, one is confronted with the problem of converting a time domain signal to frequency domain and vice-versa. Fourier Transform is an excellent tool to achieve this … Read more

Simulate additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel

In this article, the relationship between SNR-per-bit (Eb/N0) and SNR-per-symbol (Es/N0) are defined with respect to M-ary signaling schemes. Then the complex baseband model for an AWGN channel is discussed, followed by the theoretical error rates of various modulations over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Finally, the complex baseband models for digital modulators … Read more

Introducing The Kalman Filter

Introducing The Kalman Filter – Ramsey Faragher PDF Text: click here PDF Text: click here Note: Click the playlist icon (located at the top left corner of the video frame) to watch all lectures Video Lectures: Watch, Listen and Learn !!! † Link will take you to external sites Disclaimer: All the materials posted in … Read more

Compute signal power in Matlab

Calculating the energy and power of a signal was discussed in one of the previous posts. Here, we will verify the calculation of signal power using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in Matlab. Check here to know more on the concept of power and energy. The total power of a signal can be computed using the … Read more

Power and Energy of a Signal : Demystified

Key focus: Clearly understand the terms: power and energy of a signal, their mathematical definition, physical significance and computation in signal processing context. Energy of a signal: Defining the term “size”: In signal processing, a signal is viewed as a function of time. The term “size of a signal” is used to represent “strength of … Read more

FFT and Spectral Leakage

Spectral leakage due to FFT is caused by: mismatch between desired tone and chosen frequency resolution, time limiting an observation. Understand the concept using hands-on examples. Limits of frequency domain studies Frequency Transform is used to study a signal’s frequency domain characteristics. When using FFT to study the frequency domain characteristics of a signal, there … Read more