Machine Learning Basics: A Comprehensive Introduction for Beginners

by

Key focus: machine learning, introduction, basics, beginners, algorithms, applications, concepts Introduction to machine learning basics Machine learning has emerged as a groundbreaking technology that is transforming industries and reshaping our interaction with technology. From personalized recommendations to autonomous vehicles, machine learning algorithms play a pivotal role in these advancements. If you’re new to the field, … Read more

Implementing Markov Chain in Python

by

Keywords: Markov Chain, Python, probability, data analysis, data science Markov Chain Markov chain is a probabilistic models that describe a sequence of observations whose occurrence are statistically dependent only on the previous ones. This article is about implementing Markov chain in Python Markov chain is described in one of the earlier posts. For better understanding … Read more

The Most Important Topics to Learn in Machine Learning

by

Keywords: machine learning, topics, probability, statistics, linear algebra, data preprocessing, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, model evaluation, cross-validation, hyperparameter tuning. Why the buzz ? Machine learning has been generating a lot of buzz in recent years due to its ability to automate tasks that were previously thought to be impossible or required … Read more

Spectrogram Analysis using Python

by

Keywords: Spectrogram, signal processing, time-frequency analysis, speech recognition, music analysis, frequency domain, time domain, python Introduction A spectrogram is a visual representation of the frequency content of a signal over time. Spectrograms are widely used in signal processing applications to analyze and visualize time-varying signals, such as speech and audio signals. In this article, we … Read more

Volterra series formula for RF power amplifiers — kernels, memory, and nonlinearity

by

RF nonlinearity path: Volterra PA model → π/2-BPSK PAPR → EVM → SNR In one sentence: A Volterra series formula extends a Taylor polynomial with memory kernels so the PA output depends on the present input and recent past samples — the regime of wideband 4G/5G waveforms. Matlab/Python simulation: Use this model when you move … Read more

Near-field – far-field : Where is the boundary ?

by

Antenna models — reading order Maxwell’s equations Retarded potentials Near-field / far-field boundary (this article) Far-field retarded potentials Array pattern multiplication Dipole power gain patterns Introduction Antenna fields change character with distance: reactive storage near the element, Fresnel diffraction at intermediate range, and spherical-wave radiation farther out. Link-budget and pattern formulas almost always assume that … Read more