Signal Processing for Communication Systems
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This article discusses the method of generating two correlated random sequences using Matlab. If you are looking for the method on generating multiple sequences of correlated random numbers, I urge you to go here. Generating two vectors of correlated random numbers, given the correlation coefficient $latex \rho$, is implemented in two steps. The first step … Read more
Generating a continuous signal and sampling it at a given rate is demonstrated here. In simulations, we may require to generate a continuous time signal and convert it to discrete domain by appropriate sampling. For baseband signal, the sampling is straight forward. By Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem, for faithful reproduction of a continuous signal in … Read more
Power delay profile gives the signal power received on each multipath as a function of the propagation delays of the respective multipaths. Power delay profile (PDP) A multipath channel can be characterized in multiple ways for deterministic modeling and power delay profile (PDP) is one such measure. In a typical PDP plot, the signal power … Read more
Understand various characteristics of a wireless channel through multipath channel models. Discuss Wide Sense Stationary channel, uncorrelated scattering channel, wide sense stationary uncorrelated scattering channel models and scattering function. Introduction Wireless channel is of time-varying nature in which the parameters randomly change with respect to time. Wireless channel is very harsh when compared to AWGN … Read more
Why BLUE : We have discussed Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (MVUE) in one of the previous articles. Following points should be considered when applying MVUE to an estimation problem Considering all the points above, the best possible solution is to resort to finding a sub-optimal estimator. When we resort to find a sub-optimal estimator Common … Read more
Key focus: Understand step by step, the least squares estimator for parameter estimation. Hands-on example to fit a curve using least squares estimation Background: The various estimation concepts/techniques like Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimation (MVUE), Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) – all falling under the umbrella of classical estimation – require assumptions/knowledge … Read more
The agenda for the subsequent series of articles is to introduce the idea of autocorrelation, AutoCorrelation Function (ACF), Partial AutoCorrelation Function (PACF) , using ACF and PACF in system identification. Introduction Given time series data (stock market data, sunspot numbers over a period of years, signal samples received over a communication channel etc.,), successive values … Read more
If a time series data is assumed to be following an Auto-Regressive (\(AR(N)\)) model of given form, the natural tendency is to estimate the model parameters \(a_1,a_2, \cdots, a_N\). Least squares method can be applied here to estimate the model parameters but the computations become cumbersome as the order \(N\) increases. Fortunately, the AR model … Read more
Key focus: Can a unique solution exists when solving ARMA (Auto Regressive Moving Average) model ? Apply minimization of squared error to find out. As discussed in the previous post, the ARMA model is a generalized model that is a mix of both AR and MA model. Given a signal x[n], AR model is easiest … Read more
Key focus: AR, MA & ARMA models express the nature of transfer function of LTI system. Understand the basic idea behind those models & know their frequency responses. Introduction Signal models are used to analyze stationary univariate time series. The goal of signal modeling is to estimate the process from which the desired signal is … Read more