Digital filter design – Introduction

Key focus: Develop basic understanding of digital filter design. Learn about fundamentals of FIR and IIR filters and the design choices. Analog filters and digital filters are the two major classification of filters, depending on the type of signal signal they process. An analog filter, processes continuous-time signal analog signals. Whereas, digital filters process sampled, … Read more

Linear regression using python – demystified

Key focus: Let’s demonstrate basics of univariate linear regression using Python SciPy functions. Train the model and use it for predictions. Linear regression model Regression is a framework for fitting models to data. At a fundamental level, a linear regression model assumes linear relationship between input variables ($latex x$) and the output variable ($latex y$). … Read more

Generating simulated dataset for regression problems

Key focus: Generating simulated dataset for regression problems using sklearn make_regression function (Python 3) is discussed in this article. Problem statement Suppose, a survey is conducted among the employees of a company. In that survey, the salary and the years of experience of the employees are collected. The aim of this data collection is to … Read more

Plot audio file as time series using Scipy python

Often the most basic step in signal processing of audio files, one would like to visualize an audio sample file as time-series data. Audio sounds can be thought of as an one-dimensional vector that stores numerical values corresponding to each sample. The time-series plot is a two dimensional plot of those sample values as a … Read more

Plot FFT using Python – FFT of sine wave & cosine wave

FFT Lab path:Complex DFT, bins & fftshift → Magnitude & phase → Spectral leakage → Plot: Matlab / PythonTool: FFT bin frequency & resolution calculator Key focus: Learn how to plot FFT of sine wave and cosine wave using Python. Understand FFTshift. Plot one-sided, double-sided and normalized spectrum using FFT. Introduction Numerous texts are available … Read more

Introduction to Signal Processing for Machine Learning

Key focus: Fundamentals of signal processing for machine learning. Speaker identification is taken as an example for introducing supervised learning concepts. Signal Processing A signal, mathematically a function, is a mechanism for conveying information. Audio, image, electrocardiograph (ECG) signal, radar signals, stock price movements, electrical current/voltages etc.., are some of the examples. Signal processing is … Read more

Fibonacci sequence in python – a short tutorial

Key focus: Learn to generate Fibonacci sequence using Python. Python 3 is used in this tutorial. Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,… Let’s digress a bit from signal processing and brush up basic some concepts in python programming. Why python? Python is an incredibly versatile programming language that is used for everything from … Read more

Maximum ratio combining (MRC) — receive diversity that maximizes SNR

MRC weights each diversity branch by its channel gain to maximize post-combiner SNR — formula, intuition, and comparison to selection combining.

Selection combining — pick the strongest receive branch

MIMO & Diversity (same on every page in this path) 1. Diversity vs multiplexing → 2. SIMO models → 3. Selection combining (you are here) → 4. MRC → 5. MIMO overview Tools: Diversity & multiplexing demo Lesson 5 of 6. After SIMO models, selection combining is the intuitive baseline. Finish with maximum-ratio combining, which … Read more

SIMO receive-diversity channel models — from one transmit antenna to several receivers

MIMO & Diversity (same on every page in this path) 1. Diversity vs multiplexing → 2. SIMO models (you are here) → 3. Selection combining → 4. MRC → 5. MIMO overview Tools: Diversity & multiplexing demo Lesson 4 of 6. Fading is random — multiple receive antennas give you options. Next: the simplest combiner, … Read more