BPSK BER vs Eb/N0 — Rayleigh fading compared with AWGN (Matlab)
Why flat Rayleigh fading costs SNR versus AWGN for BPSK: BER vs Eb/N0 curves, formulas, and Matlab simulation comparison.
Matlab Codes
Clarke’s Rayleigh fading model — sum-of-sinusoids simulation
Fading & Diversity — 6 lessons (same on every page in this path) 1. Rayleigh BER → 2. Clarke’s model (you are here) → 3. Young’s model → 4. SIMO models → 5. Selection combining → 6. MRC Tools: BER vs Eb/N0 · 3GPP TDL · CDL / Doppler Lesson 2 of 6. You saw … Read more
Correlative Coding – Modified Duobinary Signaling
Modified duobinary is the partial-response cousin of duobinary that puts a spectral null at DC. It correlates symbols two baud intervals apart, so the controlled ISI sits on the alternate sample rather than the neighbour. The Nyquist zero-ISI condition is relaxed to The minus sign at lag \(2T\) is what opens the null at DC. … Read more
Correlative coding – Duobinary Signaling
The condition for zero ISI (Inter Symbol Interference) is which states that when sampling a particular symbol (at time instant nT=0), the effect of all other symbols on the current sampled symbol is zero. As discussed in the previous article, one of the practical ways to mitigate ISI is to use partial response signaling technique … Read more
Walsh–Hadamard codes — generate the matrix and simulate in Matlab
Walsh–Hadamard spreading codes: how to build the Hadamard matrix, orthogonality properties, and a Matlab simulation for CDMA-style use.
FFT spectral leakage — causes, scalloping, and how windows help
Why FFT bins leak when tones miss bin centers, what scalloping loss is, and how windowing + ENBW trade leakage against noise bandwidth.
Understand Moving Average Filter with Python & Matlab
This post contains interactive python code which you can execute in the browser itself. The moving average filter is a simple Low Pass FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter commonly used for smoothing an array of sampled data/signal. It takes \(L\) samples of input at a time and takes the average of those \(L\)-samples and produces … Read more
Random Interleaver
Random Interleaver: The Random Interleaver rearranges the elements of its input vector using a random permutation. The incoming data is rearranged using a series of generated permuter indices. A permuter is essentially a device that generates pseudo-random permutation of given memory addresses. The data is arranged according to the pseudo-random order of memory addresses. The … Read more
QPSK modulation & demodulation — constellation, BER, Matlab simulation
QPSK maps two bits per symbol on four I/Q phases: modulator/demodulator, constellation, and how BER matches coherent BPSK — with Matlab simulation links.
Performance comparison of digital modulation techniques — BER trade-offs at a glance
Digital Modulations 101 — 5 lessons (same on every page in this path) 1. BPSK → 2. QPSK → 3. M-PSK sim (you are here) → 4. QAM sim → 5. EVM Tools: BER vs Eb/N0 · EVM → SNR · Eb/N0 ↔ SNR Side reading for Digital Modulations 101. Use this comparison after QPSK … Read more